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herlopers

Glossary entry

Dutch term or phrase:

zwemmer

English translation:

congenital splay leg syndrome

Added to glossary by katerina turevich
Dec 16, 2015 22:21
8 yrs ago
Dutch term

zwemmer

Dutch to English Other Livestock / Animal Husbandry pig health management
dood geboren biggen of zwemmers

this is talking about pig reproduction cycle management
now, I found this: "Soms zijn ook de voorpoten aangetast (zwemmers)" from here http://www.dkhn.nl/varken/aandoeningen/klauwen.aspx
so I take it that is some type of pig leg weakness?
I also found this : "Polyarthrodysplasie
Een term die wordt gebruikt voor een bij pups voorkomende afwijking die wordt gekenmerkt door een sterk dorso-ventraal afgeplatte thorax en naar lateraal geplaatste voorpoten, waarbij de humeri vaak gekromd zijn. Soms vertonen ook de achterpoten deze abnormale stand. De pups kunnen niet staan. De voortbeweging vindt plaats door met de voorpoten op zwemmen lijkende bewegingen te maken. Vaak vertonen de pups benauwdheid. Bij sectie wordt vaak een afplatting van het hart en longoedeem aangetroffen. De oorzaak is niet bekend. Als oorzakelijke factoren zijn gesuggereerd instabiliteit van gewrichten, spierproblemen en metabole afwijkingen leidend tot onvoldoende spierspanning om te kunnen staan. Synoniemen: flat puppy syndrome en zwemmer."

so, it's fairly clear: except how would I call this disorder as applied to pigs? disadvantaged piglets - sounds a bit too general, for my taste.

Thanks!
Proposed translations (English)
4 newborn piglet with congenital splayleg
4 +1 swimmer
4 splaylegged piglet
References
Refs

Discussion

katerina turevich (asker) Dec 22, 2015:
About the appropriate answer Barend, with all my respect,

I would like to see the official name of the syndrome posted as an answer, because I am afraid that whatever ubiquitous colloquial/non-colloquial Flemish usage, I really can't translate it as 'swimmers" in English, and the absolute best here would be if this condition is identified by its full name.







Kitty Brussaard Dec 20, 2015:
@Barend I stand corrected :-). It was indeed Phil who first mentioned 'splay-leg syndrome in pigs' in his answer. I think you a did a great job though to explain why 'swimmers' is best avoided in this specific context.
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 20, 2015:
@Katerina This was my position.

I did not enter an own separate answer since Phil mentioned 'splayleg' in his answer (in fact 'splayleg' occurred in your own reference as well).

It is a confusing situation and the most strongest arguments not to opt for 'swimmer' are:

1) you cannot find any or minimal references where 'swimmer' is used in connection with piglets
2) when you use the general term you are always right, whether 'swimmer' would be acceptable or not.
3) 'splayleg' is unambiguous and everybody will understand it, which is most important in your context.

In your specific context I would use:

piglets born weak, stillborn piglets and newborn piglets with congenital splayleg

You can also use an own variant of course.

I was all the time convinced they were referring to the whole group of piglets with congenital splayleg and not just this small subgroup in which both the hind limbs and forelimbs are affected (and which might evoke an image of a swimmer), this would be highly unlikely.

Kitty offered an explanation for why they used 'swimmer' for the whole group: Flemish usage.

So, you could accept Phil's answer but use my suggestion, unless Phil would not agree with this.
Kitty Brussaard Dec 20, 2015:
@Katerina You're welcome and I don't mind at all if Barend posts the official name of the syndrome as an answer. After all, he was the first to suggest (and defend) it :-)
katerina turevich (asker) Dec 20, 2015:
@ Kitty and Barend I don’t know about KudoZ. You Kitty were most thorough about it, but Barend was there first. I knew of course that I couldn’t use ‘swimmers’, but I was stuck on it, and Barend at least let me go on with the text. Great thanks for it!
So Barend please post the official name of the syndrome. I am much indebted to both of you, guys!
Kitty Brussaard Dec 19, 2015:
Agree with Barend Katerina seems to be working on a Flemish text (see previously discussed use of 'herlopers', which is indeed the Flemish equivalent of NL Dutch 'terugkomers').
As far as I can see (see reference comment I posted below), 'zwemmers' is often used as a synonym for 'splayleg' (i.e. porcine congenital splayleg (PCS)) in Flemish publications, including academic publications.

My research hasn't revealed any hits for 'swimmers' in direct relation to this congenital condition in pigs.
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 18, 2015:
Phil I did notice that,
I don't deny that 'swimmer' is used with regards to this condition.

I just point out that 'swimmer' is not used with regards to 'piglets' (also not in this last reference).

And if it was used with regards to piglets then this would only make some sense if it concerned the minority subgroup where both the hind limbs and forelimbs are affected.
philgoddard Dec 18, 2015:
Barend You haven't read my last reference, which uses the word "swimmer" several times. Anyway, let's let Katerina decide.
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 18, 2015:
Katerina This is of course a completely different problem that they intend to solve and prevent by nutrition.

You could just use 'prevention of crooked legs'

so no obscure congental condition but a possible nutritional problem
katerina turevich (asker) Dec 18, 2015:
Thanks everybody! One question: I just encountered "preventie kromme poten"
would that be the same as splayed legs?
or is it just the crucial difference between the so called swimmers and other pigs affected with "kromme poten" disease?
or should I post it as another question?
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 17, 2015:
Phil volgens mij praten we langs elkaar heen.

1) Alleen die biggen waarbij de voorpoten zijn aangedaan worden zwemmers genoemd, savvy?

2) ik ga ervan uit dat men de hele groep van biggen met 'congenital splayleg' bedoelt, niet alleen de groep waarbij zowel de achterpoten als de voorpoten zijn aangedaan. --> alleen de groep waarbij de voorpoten zijn aangedaan zou je met enig recht 'zwemmers' kunnen noemen maar je moet de hele groep aanduiden

3) In het Engels vind je zelfs voor die groep waarbij ook de voorpoten zijn aangedaan de term 'swimmer' niet

4) het enige wat ik in je nieuwe ref zie is een Photo of a Pig with Splay leg

5) Ik zou zeker geen 'swimmer' gebruiken want het Engelse publiek zal niet begrijpen waar je het over hebt
philgoddard Dec 17, 2015:
Barend Katerina's own reference says "Soms zijn ook de voorpoten aangetast (zwemmers)", so your reference to hind legs is not relevant to this context.
And can I find a reference to porcine swimmers? Yes. This page is about all sorts of animals, including pigs.
http://www.hausmerkel.com/Splay-leg.htm
I can't believe I'm having this discussion:-)
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 17, 2015:
Phil Your own reference:

The most common form of the condition is hindleg splays; the back legs splay out sideways and forward, causing the pig great difficulty in standing on its hind end. Many will "dog sit" and shuffle around on their backsides

If the forelimbs are not affected you are not justified in calling them 'swimmers', since this image would not apply in that case.

You need to use the general term.

Also, can you find any reference with 'swimmer' with regards to pigs?

Also, see Katerina's reference: http://www.dkhn.nl/varken/aandoeningen/klauwen.aspx
philgoddard Dec 17, 2015:
Barend It's obviously "swimmer", which is the literal translation of "zwemmer". And splayleg affects both front and hind legs. "The most common form of the condition is hindleg splays; the back legs splay out sideways and forward, causing the pig great difficulty in standing on its hind end. Many will "dog sit" and shuffle around on their backsides. This can lead to considerable skin trauma and secondary infection. Front leg splays also occur."
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/musculoskeletal_system/con...
Barend van Zadelhoff Dec 17, 2015:
Phil I will react here. There is no further space below.

I advise strongly against the use of 'swimmer'.

'swimmer' cannot be used here.

Why?

The official name of the condition is 'porcine congenital splayleg'.

This condition concerns in the large majority of cases the hind limbs and in a very few cases both the hind limbs and the forelimbs.

only in case the forelimbs are affected the term 'swimmer' is justified.

This alone does already rule out the use of 'swimmer'.

Why?

You would only refer to this small subset while this is about the complete group of piglets with congenital swayleg.

Furthermore you won't find or find only very few references where 'swimmers' is used with regard to piglets.

One main reason being this few cases in which the forelimbs are affected.
'Swimmer' may even not be useful at all in the case of pigs.

Dit kan leiden tot:

•te zwak geboren biggen, dood geboren biggen of zwemmers

Proposed translations

5 days
Selected

newborn piglet with congenital splayleg

If it is your express wish ... I would no longer oppose it.

Official name of the disease = 'porcine congenital splayleg (CPS)'

Since 'piglet' occurs in the suggested translation 'porcine' can be left out

Al deze situaties vragen extra vitaminen, mineralen en sporenelementen. Bij een tekort gaat de zeug haar reserves gebruiken wat nadelig is voor de algemene gezondheid.

Dit kan leiden tot:
•slechte bronst of teveel terugkomers,
•te zwak geboren biggen, dood geboren biggen of zwemmers

- piglets born weak, stillborn piglets and newborn piglets with congenital splayleg

http://www.orcovet.be/producten-varkenshouderij

Porcine congenital splayleg is characterised by muscle fibre atrophy associated with relative rise in MAFbx and fall in P311 expression

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550227/


It is a confusing situation and the most strongest arguments not to opt for 'swimmer' are:

1) you cannot find any or minimal references where 'swimmer' is used in connection with piglets
2) when you use the general term you are always right, whether 'swimmer' would be acceptable or not.
3) 'splayleg' is unambiguous and everybody will understand it, which is most important in your context.

In your specific context I would use:

piglets born weak, stillborn piglets and newborn piglets with congenital splayleg

You can also use an own variant of course.

I was all the time convinced they were referring to the whole group of piglets with congenital splayleg and not just this small subgroup in which both the hind limbs and forelimbs are affected (and which might evoke an image of a swimmer), this would be highly unlikely.

Kitty offered an explanation for why they used 'swimmer' for the whole group: Flemish usage.
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks! I think all the many different ways of translating it are in the D-box, or else not that difficult to construct. I think Wolter's answer works too, but I think what matters most here as an answer and a glossary entry is the correct identification of this (Flemish) name for the condition. In any case, thanks everybody!"
+1
16 mins

swimmer

This is about cats, but it's the same syndrome, often referred to as splay-leg syndrome in pigs:

"Swimmer Kitten Syndrome is NOT the same thing as FCKS. It does however sometimes coincide with FCKS and the thoracic problem may be caused or exacerbated by the splayed-leg position of the swimmer condition which makes the kitten rest on its chest when it should be lifting itself up on its legs.

"Swimmer kittens have a muscular or tendon/ligament deficiency which causes their back legs to splay out and they cannot bring the legs under the body to lift the body into position. It is called ‘swimmer’ because the kittens get around by using a swimming motion with their legs to scuff around instead of standing up properly."

Reference:

http://www.ramesescats.co.uk/health/swimmers/

http://www.thepigsite.com/articles/3299/splayleg-in-piglets/

Peer comment(s):
agree Barend van Zadelhoff : I would avoid "swimmer" because it is pigs (unusual) and general context. I would suggest: This may lead to: piglets born weak, stillborn piglets and newborn piglets with congenital splayleg //disagree, see d-box.
1 hr
Actually if you look at the very last word of context, it has to be swimmer. But thanks for agreeing.
Something went wrong...
10 hrs

splaylegged piglet

I found this translation on various (scientific) sites of veterinary organizations.
Example sentence:

Histochemical patterns in normal and splaylegged piglet muscle fibers.

Reference:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6447132

http://articles.extension.org/pages/27050/baby-pig-management-birth-to-weaning

Peer comment(s):
neutral Kitty Brussaard : This answer ('newborn piglets with congenital splayleg') was in fact already suggested by Barend in the D-box and in his comment to Phil's answer (see above). / OK, thanks for explaining.
2 days 10 hrs
My answer is 100% accurate and is shorter and more concise than the more descriptive translation already provided. That's why I shared this answer.
Something went wrong...

Reference comments

2 days 19 hrs
Reference:

Refs

Biggen die lijden aan typische ‘kraamstalaandoeningen’ hebben eveneens minder kans op overleven. Hierbij denken we onder meer aan zwemmers (splayleg), navelbloeden en trilbiggen.
(...)
Biggen die te vroeg geboren worden, hebben een sterk verminderde overlevingskans. De laatste dagen in de baarmoeder zijn namelijk cruciaal voor de longrijping en spierontwikkeling. Wanneer door het toepassen van partusinductie (<114 dagen dracht) de biggen te vroeg geboren worden zal niet enkel het percentage doodgeboorte toenemen, maar eveneens het percentage biggensterfte. Er zullen namelijk meer zwakke biggen en zwemmers geboren worden, die een verhoogde kans op sterven hebben.
(...)
Het te vroeg inleiden van de geboorte kan aanleiding geven tot meer doodgeboortes, meer zwakke biggen en meer zwemmers, waardoor de uitval in de kraamstal kan toenemen.
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/388820/1/Broc...

Spreidzit, splayleg of ‘zwemmers’ uit zich in een ernstige, maar voorbijgaande parese van de achterpoten en, zij het minder frequent, van de voorpoten, waardoor een adductie van de ledematen onmogelijk wordt. De symptomen worden meestal binnen de 2 tot 4 uur na de geboorte duidelijk en verdwijnen na 5 dagen. De biggen sterven door verzwakking, hypoglycemie, hypothermie of doodliggen, zeker als ze zowel voor- als achteraan aangetast zijn (Spicer et al., 1986).
http://vdt.ugent.be/sites/default/files/art78103.pdf

Aangeboren afwijkingen komen bij de huisdieren het meest voor bij varkens. Een onderzoek van Partlow et al. (1993) toonde op bedrijven in Ontaria aan dat splayleg de meest voorkomende afwijking was, gevolgd door buikbreuken, navelbreuken en liesbreuken.
(...)
PCG (= porcine congenital splayleg) is de meest voorkomende congenitale afwijking bij varkens (Jirmanova,1983; Partlow et al., 1993). De aandoening wordt gekenmerkt door spierzwakte waardoor de biggen moeite hebben met wandelen en staan (= zwemmers) (Thurley et al., 1967). Meestal is dit het gevolg van een voorbijgaande parese door myofibrillaire hypoplasie van de achterpoten en heel sporadisch de voorpoten. De symptomen treden meestal op 4 uur na de partus, om na 5 dagen te verdwijnen (Spicer et al., 1986; Loncke et al. 2008). De biggen zullen, indien ze niet behandeld worden, sterven door verzwakking, hypoglycemie, hypothermie of doodliggen (Loncke et al, 2008).
http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/002/215/969/RUG01-00221596...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 3 days15 hrs (2015-12-20 13:58:53 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

@Katerina: you're welcome and that seems an excellent solution to me too :-)
Note from asker:
Great! Thanks Kitty! This is some research you put into it. I greatly appreciate it. Barend too! As always very helpful. I apologize for the oversight, that I didn’t specify it was a Flemish text. My final sentence is:”reduce the number of stillbirths, and piglets suffering from congenital splayleg syndrome”. It’s maybe a bit too long, but for sure clear.
Peer comments on this reference comment:
agree Barend van Zadelhoff : Interesting: Flemish usage. This might explain it. In all cases I would advise to use the general term (splayleg) so that the audience understands. To me, 'zwemmer', as an image, only makes some sense when the forelimbs are affected as well.
1 hr
I agree. As far as I can see, Flemish usage of the term 'zwemmer' encompasses all types of (porcine congenital) splayleg (the latter term even being used by itself - i.e. as if it were a Dutch term - in various Flemish publications).
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